editedbook
Publication: IIP Proceedings Year: 2022, Month: November Page No: 216-231, ISSN/ISBN: 978-93-95632-84-3, DOI/Link: https://rsquarel.org/assets/docupload/rsl2023C3ABBDB7D9C0A8B.pdf
GENETIC ENGINEERING OF INSECTS AND THEIR APPLICATION
Area/Stream: Biotechnology, Authors: Sabyasachi Ray, Dr. A. Banerjee Keywords: Genetic Engineering, Insects Book Name /series: Futuristic Trends in Biotechnology,Volume 2, Book 28, Chapter 19Publication: IIP Proceedings Year: 2022, Month: November Page No: 216-231, ISSN/ISBN: 978-93-95632-84-3, DOI/Link: https://rsquarel.org/assets/docupload/rsl2023C3ABBDB7D9C0A8B.pdf
Abstract:
Genetic engineering or genetic modification is the applied biotechnology where the entire or some part of the DNA makeup of an organism has been changed in the laboratory using different techniques. The foremost recombinant DNA molecule was synthesized by Paul Berg in 1972, where he combined the DNA molecule from the monkey virus SV40 with the lambda virus. Era of biotechnology was begun in 1973 with the creation of functional bacterial plasmid as the experimental result of Cohen and Boyer under in-vitro condition (Cohen et al., 1973). In 1980s for biotechnological uses first GM insect was created (Marx, 1987). Evolution of applied biotechnology has been occurred during last thirty years, in 2009 Food and Drug Administration first approved a factor present in goat milk which prevents clotting, that was first approved pharmaceutical produced by a GM animal (Pollack,2009). Considering the molecular complexity, the GM insect occurred between the pharmaceuticals providing GM animals and GM crops. Before applying of rDNA technology several scientists applied sterile insect technique for managing worst screwworm fly in southern US during 1950-60s (Bushland et al., 1955). Genetic manipulation in insects are carried out by mutagenesis or more precisely can be said that, through transgenesis or cis- genesis with an aim of fulfilling different purposes like food production, oil manufacture, tackling health issues and managing the harmful organism through biotechnology. Trans- genesis in genetically modified insects is carried out by insertion of one or more than one external sequences of DNA particle extracted from foreign organism in to the target insect. The reasons behind the production of GM insects are managing the agriculturally important insect pests, maintaining quality of produce, managing environmental issues and issues concerned with human health and reduction of adverse effect of synthetic pesticides used in pest management systems. GM insects are developed for achieving the goal for managing the insect vectors of human diseases like malaria and dengue fever. It is well proven that modification of insects and other arthropods in the genetic level can be effective strategy for studying the development and evolution at molecular level (Horn and Wimmer, 2000). These genetic modification strategies can be considered as the effective tool for solving several agricultural and health issues which is caused by certain insect. The insects can be altered in the genetic level with suitable desired traits and released in the nature cautiously (Irvin et al., 2004). Utilization of transgenic insects offers a new way to combat the vector insects responsible for spreading human diseases and crop losses due to insect pest. Though the risk assessment and acceptance of the risks associated with the GM insects compared to the potential gain is the main determining factor in the way of developing GM insects.
Cite this: Sabyasachi Ray, Dr. A. Banerjee,"GENETIC ENGINEERING OF INSECTS AND THEIR APPLICATION", Futuristic Trends in Biotechnology,Volume 2, Book 28, Chapter 19, November, 2022, 216-231, 978-93-95632-84-3, https://rsquarel.org/assets/docupload/rsl2023C3ABBDB7D9C0A8B.pdf
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