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Publication: IIP Proceedings Year: 2022, Month: November Page No: 70-81, ISSN/ISBN: 978-93-95632-83-6, DOI/Link: https://rsquarel.org/assets/docupload/rsl20231EFD4DB34D84A5F.pdf
INNOVATIVE WAYS TO BREED PLANTS WITH THE GOAL OF FEEDING THE WHOLE WORLD
Area/Stream: Biotechnology, Authors: Jayasri V, Shaik Aisha, Nihar Ranjan Chakraborty Keywords: Food security, crop breeding, speed breeding, genes, genomic selection Book Name /series: Futuristic Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 2, Book 26, Chapter 5Publication: IIP Proceedings Year: 2022, Month: November Page No: 70-81, ISSN/ISBN: 978-93-95632-83-6, DOI/Link: https://rsquarel.org/assets/docupload/rsl20231EFD4DB34D84A5F.pdf
Abstract:
The four problems threatening future food security are demand growth, supply contraction, and the need for robust and sustainable production. Crop breeding is an ongoing process whose primary goal is to improve the genome in order to meet rising demand. Faster breeding and shorter breeding cycles are two of the most efficient ways to create new varieties that are climate-adapted. Rapid Generation Advance (RGA) is a faster, simpler, and less expensive breeding technique than other breeding techniques. Haplodiploids significantly shorten the line fixation stage because they produce fully homozygous lines right away. Because many field locations have different environmental factors and diseases, the shuttle breeding system is advantageous because it allows for better selection. Future speed breeding efforts should focus on underutilised nutrient-rich crops, and biofortification is critical for combating global hunger. When conventional hybridization fails, mutation breeding is required. The use of DNA markers has reduced the time required for varietal development by several years. However, the possibility of recombination between the marker and the target gene can result in false positives. Using gene pyramiding, multiple resistance genes can be inserted into a plant at the same time. Instead of focusing on specific genes or quantitative trait loci, genomic selection focuses on making genomic predictions from a large number of DNA markers. Traditional genomic selection models can be outperformed by machine learning-based genomic selection models. Lack of resources, particularly in developing countries, is a major impediment to the development of novel breeding techniques. Marker assisted selection frequently necessitates large upfront investments in equipment and operating costs. When discussing public breeding programmes, RGA should be prioritised based on factors such as cost, resource availability, and technical complexity.
Cite this: Jayasri V, Shaik Aisha, Nihar Ranjan Chakraborty,"INNOVATIVE WAYS TO BREED PLANTS WITH THE GOAL OF FEEDING THE WHOLE WORLD", Futuristic Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 2, Book 26, Chapter 5, November, 2022, 70-81, 978-93-95632-83-6, https://rsquarel.org/assets/docupload/rsl20231EFD4DB34D84A5F.pdf
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